D-Link DES-3326S - Switch - Stackable Guía de usuario Pagina 319
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DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide
Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol 319
B
UNDERSTANDING AND
TROUBLESHOOTING THE
SPANNING TREE
PROTOCOL
When the spanning-tree algorithm determines a port should be
transitioned to the forwarding state, the following occurs:
• The port is put into the listening state where it receives
BPDUs and passes them to the switch’s CPU. BPDU
packets from the CPU are processed. If no BPDUs that
suggest the port should go to the blocking state are
received:
• The port waits for the expiration of the forward delay
timer. It then moves to the learning state.
• In the learning state, the port learns station location
information from the source address of packets and
adds this information to its forwarding database.
• The expiration of forwarding delay timer moves the port
to the forwarding state, where both learning and
forwarding are enabled. At this point, packets are
forwarded by the port.
- DES-3326S 1
- Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise 2
- Limited Warranty 4
- Software: 5
- Trademarks 7
- Copyright Statement 7
- FCC Warning 8
- CE Mark Warning 8
- VCCI Warning 8
- BSMI Warning 8
- Table of Contents 9
- INTRODUCTION 13
- 14 Introduction 14
- Features 16
- Performance Features 16
- Layer 3 Switch Features 18
- 20 Introduction 20
- Switch Stacking 21
- Fast Ethernet Technology 21
- Gigabit Ethernet Technology 22
- UNPACKING AND SETUP 23
- Installation 24
- Rack Installation 25
- Power on 26
- Power Failure 27
- IDENTIFYING EXTERNAL 28
- COMPONENTS 28
- Rear Panel 29
- Side Panels 30
- Optional Plug-in Modules 30
- 1000BASE-T Module 31
- 1000BASE-SX Fiber Module 32
- 1000BASE-LX Fiber Module 33
- GBIC Two-Port Module 34
- GBIC Port 35
- Stacking Port 35
- Switch LED Indicators 37
- CONNECTING THE 39
- Switch to Hub or Switch 40
- Switch Stack Connections 41
- 10BASE-T Device 42
- 100BASE-TX Device 43
- SWITCH MANAGEMENT 44
- OPERATING 44
- CONCEPTS 44
- Managing Switch Stacks 46
- Switch IP Address 49
- Authentication 53
- Packet Forwarding 56
- Bridge Protocol Data Units 61
- STP Port States 63
- Illustration of STP 67
- IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 73
- 802.1Q VLAN Tags 74
- Port VLAN ID 76
- Tagging and Untagging 78
- Ingress Filtering 78
- VLANs in Layer 2 Only Mode 79
- Layer 3-Based VLANs 80
- IP Addressing and Subnetting 80
- Definitions 80
- IP Addresses 81
- Address Classes 83
- Subnet Masking 84
- Setting up IP Interfaces 88
- Backbone 6 25, 26 89
- Internet Protocols 90
- Protocol Layering 91
- Layer 1 93
- Layer 2 93
- Layer 3 94
- Layer 4 94
- Layer 7 95
- Packet Headers 97
- Ethernet 100
- TCP and UDP Well-Known Ports 102
- UDP and ICMP 103
- The Domain Name System 105
- DHCP Servers 106
- IP Routing 107
- Multicasting 110
- IGMP Versions 1 and 2 113
- Multicast Routing Algorithms 115
- Flooding 116
- Multicast Spanning Trees 116
- Multicast Routing Protocols 119
- Routing Protocols 120
- RIP Version 1 Message Format 122
- RIP 1 Message 124
- RIP 1 Route Interpretation 125
- RIP Version 2 Extensions 125
- RIP2 Message Format 125
- The Link-State Algorithm 127
- The Shortest Path Algorithm 128
- OSPF Cost 129
- Shortest Path Tree 129
- Areas and Border Routers 132
- Link-State Packets 133
- OSPF Authentication 135
- The Backbone and Area 0 135
- Virtual Links 136
- Partitioning the Backbone 136
- Neighbors 137
- Adjacencies 138
- Designated Router Election 138
- Building Adjacency 138
- OSPF Packet Formats 140
- The OSPF Packet Header 141
- The Hello Packet 143
- Hello Packet 144
- Database Description Packet 146
- Link-State Request Packet 148
- The Link-State Update Packet 149
- Link-State Update Packet 150
- Link-State Acknowledgment P 151
- Link-State Advertisement 153
- Router Links Advertisements 155
- Routers Links Advertisemen 156
- Network Links Advertisements 160
- Network Link Advertisement 161
- Summary Link Advertisements 162
- AS External Link Advertisem 165
- WEB-BASED SWITCH 167
- MANAGEMENT 167
- Before You Start 168
- VLAN Layout 169
- Subnet Masks to VLANs 170
- Getting Started 171
- Management 171
- Configuring the Switch 172
- Admin and User Privileges 174
- Saving Changes 175
- Factory Reset 177
- USING WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT 178
- Setting an IP Address 179
- Saving Configuration Changes 180
- Web-Based Switch Management 182
- Areas of the User Interface 183
- Setting Up The Switch 185
- IP Address 187
- SNMP Settings 192
- Setting Up Trap Receivers 194
- Stacking Information 195
- Configure Ports 202
- Serial Port Settings 205
- Advanced Setup 208
- Layer 3 IP Networking 215
- MD5 Key Table Configuration 222
- Setup OSPF 224
- OSPF Area Setting 225
- OSPF Interface Configuration 227
- IP Multicasting 237
- IGMP Snooping Settings 238
- IGMP Interface Configuration 239
- PIM-DM Settings 245
- Static Router Port Settings 248
- Port Mirroring 251
- Priority 253
- Filtering 256
- Forwarding 259
- IP Forwarding 265
- Static ARP 267
- Spanning Tree 268
- STP Port Settings 271
- Link Aggregation 274
- Utilities 277
- Save Settings To Server 280
- Save History Log to Server 280
- BOOTP/DHCP Relay 281
- DNS Relay 284
- Network Monitoring 287
- Port Error Statistics 289
- Port Packet Analysis 293
- MAC Address Table 295
- IP Address Table 296
- Routing Table 299
- ARP Table 301
- Figure 6-93. ARP Table 302
- OSPF Neighbor Table 305
- OSPF Virtual Neighbor Table 306
- DVMRP Neighbor Address Table 307
- GVRP Status 308
- Router Ports 309
- IGMP Snooping Status 309
- IGMP Group Table 312
- DVMRP Routing Table 313
- Switch History 314
- TECHNICAL 316
- SPECIFICATIONS 316
- General 317
- Performance 318
- UNDERSTANDING AND 319
- TROUBLESHOOTING THE 319
- SPANNING TREE 319
- PROTOCOL 319
- Blocking State 320
- Listening State 322
- Learning State 324
- Forwarding State 326
- Disabled State 328
- Troubleshooting STP 330
- Full/Half Duplex Mismatch 331
- Unidirectional Link 332
- Packet Corruption 334
- Resource Errors 334
- Identifying a Data Loop 335
- Avoiding Trouble 335
- BRIEF REVIEW OF 342
- BITWISE LOGICAL 342
- OPERATIONS 342
- Offices 347
- Registration Card 348
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