D-Link DES-3326S - Switch - Stackable Guía de usuario Pagina 330
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DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide
330 Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol
Troubleshooting STP
Spanning Tree Protocol Failure
A failure in the STA generally leads to a bridging loop. A
bridging loop in an STP environment comes from a port that
should be in the blocking state, but is forwarding packets.
In this example, B has been elected as the designated bridge
and port 2 on C is in the blocking state. The election of B as
the designated bridge is determined by the exchange of BPDUs
between B and C. B had a better BPDU than C. B continues
sending BPDUs advertising its superiority over the other
bridges on this LAN. Should C fail to receive these BPDUs for
longer than the MAX AGE (default of 20 seconds), it could start
- DES-3326S 1
- Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise 2
- Limited Warranty 4
- Software: 5
- Trademarks 7
- Copyright Statement 7
- FCC Warning 8
- CE Mark Warning 8
- VCCI Warning 8
- BSMI Warning 8
- Table of Contents 9
- INTRODUCTION 13
- 14 Introduction 14
- Features 16
- Performance Features 16
- Layer 3 Switch Features 18
- 20 Introduction 20
- Switch Stacking 21
- Fast Ethernet Technology 21
- Gigabit Ethernet Technology 22
- UNPACKING AND SETUP 23
- Installation 24
- Rack Installation 25
- Power on 26
- Power Failure 27
- IDENTIFYING EXTERNAL 28
- COMPONENTS 28
- Rear Panel 29
- Side Panels 30
- Optional Plug-in Modules 30
- 1000BASE-T Module 31
- 1000BASE-SX Fiber Module 32
- 1000BASE-LX Fiber Module 33
- GBIC Two-Port Module 34
- GBIC Port 35
- Stacking Port 35
- Switch LED Indicators 37
- CONNECTING THE 39
- Switch to Hub or Switch 40
- Switch Stack Connections 41
- 10BASE-T Device 42
- 100BASE-TX Device 43
- SWITCH MANAGEMENT 44
- OPERATING 44
- CONCEPTS 44
- Managing Switch Stacks 46
- Switch IP Address 49
- Authentication 53
- Packet Forwarding 56
- Bridge Protocol Data Units 61
- STP Port States 63
- Illustration of STP 67
- IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 73
- 802.1Q VLAN Tags 74
- Port VLAN ID 76
- Tagging and Untagging 78
- Ingress Filtering 78
- VLANs in Layer 2 Only Mode 79
- Layer 3-Based VLANs 80
- IP Addressing and Subnetting 80
- Definitions 80
- IP Addresses 81
- Address Classes 83
- Subnet Masking 84
- Setting up IP Interfaces 88
- Backbone 6 25, 26 89
- Internet Protocols 90
- Protocol Layering 91
- Layer 1 93
- Layer 2 93
- Layer 3 94
- Layer 4 94
- Layer 7 95
- Packet Headers 97
- Ethernet 100
- TCP and UDP Well-Known Ports 102
- UDP and ICMP 103
- The Domain Name System 105
- DHCP Servers 106
- IP Routing 107
- Multicasting 110
- IGMP Versions 1 and 2 113
- Multicast Routing Algorithms 115
- Flooding 116
- Multicast Spanning Trees 116
- Multicast Routing Protocols 119
- Routing Protocols 120
- RIP Version 1 Message Format 122
- RIP 1 Message 124
- RIP 1 Route Interpretation 125
- RIP Version 2 Extensions 125
- RIP2 Message Format 125
- The Link-State Algorithm 127
- The Shortest Path Algorithm 128
- OSPF Cost 129
- Shortest Path Tree 129
- Areas and Border Routers 132
- Link-State Packets 133
- OSPF Authentication 135
- The Backbone and Area 0 135
- Virtual Links 136
- Partitioning the Backbone 136
- Neighbors 137
- Adjacencies 138
- Designated Router Election 138
- Building Adjacency 138
- OSPF Packet Formats 140
- The OSPF Packet Header 141
- The Hello Packet 143
- Hello Packet 144
- Database Description Packet 146
- Link-State Request Packet 148
- The Link-State Update Packet 149
- Link-State Update Packet 150
- Link-State Acknowledgment P 151
- Link-State Advertisement 153
- Router Links Advertisements 155
- Routers Links Advertisemen 156
- Network Links Advertisements 160
- Network Link Advertisement 161
- Summary Link Advertisements 162
- AS External Link Advertisem 165
- WEB-BASED SWITCH 167
- MANAGEMENT 167
- Before You Start 168
- VLAN Layout 169
- Subnet Masks to VLANs 170
- Getting Started 171
- Management 171
- Configuring the Switch 172
- Admin and User Privileges 174
- Saving Changes 175
- Factory Reset 177
- USING WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT 178
- Setting an IP Address 179
- Saving Configuration Changes 180
- Web-Based Switch Management 182
- Areas of the User Interface 183
- Setting Up The Switch 185
- IP Address 187
- SNMP Settings 192
- Setting Up Trap Receivers 194
- Stacking Information 195
- Configure Ports 202
- Serial Port Settings 205
- Advanced Setup 208
- Layer 3 IP Networking 215
- MD5 Key Table Configuration 222
- Setup OSPF 224
- OSPF Area Setting 225
- OSPF Interface Configuration 227
- IP Multicasting 237
- IGMP Snooping Settings 238
- IGMP Interface Configuration 239
- PIM-DM Settings 245
- Static Router Port Settings 248
- Port Mirroring 251
- Priority 253
- Filtering 256
- Forwarding 259
- IP Forwarding 265
- Static ARP 267
- Spanning Tree 268
- STP Port Settings 271
- Link Aggregation 274
- Utilities 277
- Save Settings To Server 280
- Save History Log to Server 280
- BOOTP/DHCP Relay 281
- DNS Relay 284
- Network Monitoring 287
- Port Error Statistics 289
- Port Packet Analysis 293
- MAC Address Table 295
- IP Address Table 296
- Routing Table 299
- ARP Table 301
- Figure 6-93. ARP Table 302
- OSPF Neighbor Table 305
- OSPF Virtual Neighbor Table 306
- DVMRP Neighbor Address Table 307
- GVRP Status 308
- Router Ports 309
- IGMP Snooping Status 309
- IGMP Group Table 312
- DVMRP Routing Table 313
- Switch History 314
- TECHNICAL 316
- SPECIFICATIONS 316
- General 317
- Performance 318
- UNDERSTANDING AND 319
- TROUBLESHOOTING THE 319
- SPANNING TREE 319
- PROTOCOL 319
- Blocking State 320
- Listening State 322
- Learning State 324
- Forwarding State 326
- Disabled State 328
- Troubleshooting STP 330
- Full/Half Duplex Mismatch 331
- Unidirectional Link 332
- Packet Corruption 334
- Resource Errors 334
- Identifying a Data Loop 335
- Avoiding Trouble 335
- BRIEF REVIEW OF 342
- BITWISE LOGICAL 342
- OPERATIONS 342
- Offices 347
- Registration Card 348
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